Cholinergic Neuroeffector Junction
Neuropharmacology
This animation illustrates the workings of a cholinergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminal.
An evolving collection of presentations, teaching material and academic resources spanning pharmacology, patient safety, pharmacovigilance, medical education and clinical practice.

Prof. (Dr.) Rangeel Singh Raina
Joint Director, Directorate of Medical Education, Uttarakhand
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, GDMC Dehradun
Search across presentations, topics, keywords and verified publications.
Real teaching resources available in the archive, with more source presentations to follow.
Neuropharmacology
This animation illustrates the workings of a cholinergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminal.
Neuropharmacology
This animation illustrates the key features of a typical adrenergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage, and release of norepinephrine (NE) and its receptors.
Neuropharmacology
This animation illustrates the key features of a typical dopaminergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage, and release of dopamine, and the fate of dopamine after its release into the synaptic cleft.
Fullscreen Presentation
A fullscreen, PowerPoint-style slide deck introducing the MBBS programme in India — the degree, the seven-stage journey, the CBME phases drawn to scale, core subjects, Miller's competency pyramid, the five roles of the Indian Medical Graduate, training methods, the 12-month internship, and career pathways. Navigate with the arrow keys or Space, and press F (or the Fullscreen button) for presentation mode. Accurate to NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 and CRMI Regulations 2021.
Core principles of drug action, therapeutic use and clinical application.
PVDetection, assessment and prevention of adverse effects and medicine-related problems.
+Safer systems, medication practice and preventable harm in healthcare.
RₓEvidence-informed prescribing and responsible medicine use.
ADRRecognition, reporting and analysis of adverse drug reactions.
§Ethical questions in research, prescribing and the physician–patient relationship.
EDInteractive teaching, assessment and learning in medicine.
CPApplying pharmacological evidence to individual patient care.

Dr. Raina’s portfolio describes an interactive, supportive approach that connects pharmacological concepts with practical cases and clinical application.
Selected work listed in Dr. Raina’s source portfolio. External links appear only where identifiers were supplied.
Monika Pathania, Rangeel Singh Raina, Heenopama Thakur, Vijay Thawani
The Antiseptic
Rangeel Singh Raina, Deepak Dimri, Swati Thapliyal
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Rangeel Singh Raina, Vijay Thawani
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
GDMC Dehradun
Government Medical College, Haridwar
SSJIMSR, Almora
Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun
Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun

Prof. (Dr.) Rangeel Singh Raina is Joint Director, Directorate of Medical Education, Uttarakhand and Professor of Pharmacology at GDMC Dehradun. His portfolio records academic work across pharmacovigilance, patient safety, rational therapeutics, clinical pharmacology and medical education.
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