Pharmacology

This animation illustrates the workings of a cholinergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminal.

This animation illustrates the key features of a typical adrenergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage, and release of norepinephrine (NE) and its receptors.

This animation illustrates the key features of a typical dopaminergic neuroeffector junction, including the synthesis, storage, and release of dopamine, and the fate of dopamine after its release into the synaptic cleft.

This animation will review the electrophysiology of ventricular myocytes, and the pharmacological effects of drugs used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure.

This animation will review the electrophysiology of the sinus node with a focus on the ion channels in the sinus node that are the primary targets of drugs used to treat arrhythmias.

This animation will review the electrophysiology of atrial myocytes with a focus on the ion channels that are the primary targets of drugs used to treat arrhythmias.

This animation will review the electrophysiology of the AV (atrio-ventricular) node with a focus on the ion channels in the AV node that are the primary targets of drugs used to treat arrhythmias.

This animation illustrates the effects of various classes of antiarrhythmic drugs on the different regions of the heart and how this results in changes in the electrocardiogram.

This animation illustrates the various mechanisms by which antiplatelet drugs act to prevent normal and pathological thromboses.

Coagulation is a highly regulated process responsible for forming fibrin clots at the site of blood vessel injury, thus preventing excessive blood loss.

Fibrinolysis is an essential part of hemostasis and is responsible for restoring blood flow to a blood vessel after the vessel has healed.